Samuel Taylor Coleridge – A Poet, a Romanticist, a Critic

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was a very famous English poet, philosopher, literary critic, and theologian. He was the founder of the Romantic Movement in England along with the famous poet William Wordsworth.

Among the most famous works written by him is The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan. He had also authored the major prose Biographia Literaria. He is also known for the critical work of William Shakespeare.

Among the greatest critics in the field of English Literature, Samuel Taylor Coleridge managed to successfully assume a position. William Wordsworth is probably to be credited for introducing Coleridge to the admirers of literature.

Many familiar words and concepts were coined by Coleridge like suspension of disbelief. The American belief of transcendentalism was influenced by Taylor through Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Coleridge was known to have suffered from anxiety and depression. There had been speculations that Taylor had bipolar disorder, which had not been identified during his time.

His health was very poor due to rheumatic fever and other ailments. Laudanum was used as a remedy, which led to a lifelong addiction to opium.

 

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Born on the 21st of October 1772, Coleridge became the founder of the Romantic movement and made such literary contributions that still remind us of his meaningful life on Earth.

Childhood and Academics

He was the youngest of his parents’ ten children.

His father was the Reverend John Coleridge, who was a respectable vicar of St. Mary’s Church and headmaster of the King’s School.

Samuel was the youngest of ten by John Coleridge’s second wife, Anne Bowden. Samuel said that he was not interested in boyish sports, but read a lot and kept himself aloof from others.

He went to Christ’s Hospital, a charity school after his father’s death. He read the works of William Leslie Bowles and Virgil at school.

In a series of autobiographical letters, he mentions that he had read Robinson Crusoe, Belisarius and Philip Quaril by the age of six.

Coleridge was not allowed to visit home during school terms and he talks about his loneliness through Frost at Midnight. He attended Jesus College, Cambridge from 1791 to 1794.

He ran away from college in December 1973 and enlisted in the Royal Dragoons. He was brought back to Jesus College by his brothers, but he would not receive a degree from the University.

He grew up with books and spent much of his time in his aunt’s bookshop. Although he was always keen on learning and had a good memory, he described his time in school as “depressing.”

Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge

This may also have been because he had failed to make multiple friends in school. However, his college years in Jesus College proved to be comparatively better.

He also met his poet friend Robert Southey here. He never completed his degree because of his profound love for poetry and the growing friendship between him and Southey got the better of him.

Rise to Fame

Coleridge got introduced to political and theological ideas considered radical during his age along with the poet Robert Southey. They decided to establish a utopian commune-like society named Pantisocracy but was soon abandoned.

The two friends married the two sisters, Sara and Edith Fricker in St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol. However, Coleridge’s marriage did not last long.

He even made plans to establish a journal named The Watchman every eight days that only lasted from March to May of the year 1976.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Poems

He spent the years 1797 and ’98 in what is known as the Coleridge Cottage in Nether Stowey. These years were the most successful.

He had met the poet William Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy in 1795. Coleridge wrote the symbolic poem Kubla Khan and the first part of the narrative poem Christabel.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Coleridge and Wordsworth published a joint volume of poetry in 1798, called the Lyrical Ballads. It began the English Romantic Age.

The first version of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner was the real focus of the collection, although Wordsworth had contributed more to the collection.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Works

Coleridge is also known to have briefly worked in Shropshire from December 1797. Coleridge and the Wordsworths left for a stay in Germany in the autumn of 1798.

Coleridge started spending most of his time in the university towns. During this time, he became interested in German philosophy like the transcendental idealism and critical philosophy.

Coleridge studied German and on his return to England, he translated the dramatic trilogy Wallenstein by Friedrich Schiller into English. Coleridge wrote his first ballad-poem Love addressed to Sara Hutchinson at Sockburn.

Later Years of Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Coleridge had also traveled to Malta and Sicily and worked as the Acting Public Secretary of Malta under Alexander Ball, the Civil Commissioner.

His consumption of opium kept on increasing though he tried a change of air, coming back to England and then again to Sicily and Italy. He had separated from his wife Sara in 1808.

He had a quarrel with the Wordsworths in 1810 and lost a part of his annuity in 1811. He tried to become a newspaper publisher for the second time with the journal entitled The Friend.

The publication was weekly, but since Coleridge was highly disorganized, it failed again. Coleridge died on July 25, 1834, in Highgate, London through heart failure and a lung disorder.

He spent his last days under the roof of the Gillman family, with whom he had spent the last 18 years. He had finished the major prose Biographia Literaria, a volume of autobiographical notes at the Gillman’s residence.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Love Life

In 1781, Samuel Taylor Coleridge lost his father, which led to him joining Christ’s Hospital School. He made friends here among which Tom Evans was one.

Evans and Coleridge became such good friends that Evans introduced Coleridge to his family. It was here that he fell in love for the first time.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

She was Evans’ older sister and her name was Mary Evans. He could never marry her and she got engaged to another man.

Southey and Coleridge did not last long enough for Southey to be there for Coleridge’s wedding though Coleridge married Southey’s fiancée’s sister, Sarah Fricker.

He was still in love with Mary, which therefore led him to have an unhappy marriage. Sarah and Samuel spent much of their married life living away from each other.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Career  

Poetry by Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was one of the most important literary figures of his time, deeply influencing all the major poets of his age. He was known as a meticulous craftsman by his contemporaries and was more rigorous in doing rework on his poems than any other.

Many critics had credited Coleridge with the idea of ‘conversational poetry’. The utilization of common language to express poetic thoughts that popularised Wordsworth might have originally been a device of Coleridge’s mind.

Southey and Coleridge had depended on the professional advice of Coleridge and his influence can be found in their major poems.

Thus, Coleridge was one of the greatest English poets not just during his age, but of all times. His work is still revered and read with much devotion.

Poet

Coleridge had many sides to him and being a poet is the one that is the most remarkable and memorable one.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

He passionately wrote more than 190 poems and a sizable number of them are still studied by students across the world.

Romanticist

Some of his most notable works are Kubla Khan (1816) and The Eolian Harp (1796). His poems were a blend of imagination and real emotions; two concepts that were not quite popular and appreciated during his time.

Coleridge met William Wordsworth in the year 1795 and shared many common notions about poetry.

Coleridge's Kubla Khan Poem
Coleridge”s Kubla Khan

Wordsworth was largely influenced by Coleridge’s poems and thus, began the Romantic Movement. They co-founded the Romantic Movement, which marked the most revolutionary period in literature.

Critic

According to Geroge Saintsbury, Coleridge stands among the greatest critics in literature with Aristotle and Longinus.

His most popular critique Biographia Literaria represents his views on literature, wherein he amalgamates two very distinctive fields of thought; philosophy and psychology.

Expostulation and Reply

He appreciated and depreciated poems and expressed his views on some great poets and authors such as William Wordsworth and William Shakespeare.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Death

Coleridge had found a shelter at Highgate in London in his final years and became an increasingly popular poet among the people there.

His poems were largely appreciated there. He spent most of his time indoors and had lost the will to travel. He died in 1834 at the age of 62 at Highgate, London.

More Info On- Great Man by Samuel ColeridgeFaded Flower by Samuel ColeridgeSuicides ArgumentKubla Khan